What is the difference between a metric ton and a short ton?
A metric ton (also called a tonne) equals 1,000 kilograms or about 2,204.62 pounds. A short ton, commonly used in the United States, equals 2,000 pounds or about 907.185 kilograms. The metric ton is approximately 10% heavier than a short ton. This distinction is critical in international trade where confusing the two can result in significant pricing errors.
What is deadweight tonnage (DWT)?
Deadweight tonnage measures a ship's total carrying capacity, including cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast, crew, and provisions. It represents the difference between a ship's loaded and unloaded displacement. DWT is the standard measure for bulk carriers and tankers. For example, a "Panamax" bulk carrier typically has a DWT of 65,000-80,000 metric tons.
What is a tipping fee?
A tipping fee (also called a gate fee or disposal fee) is the charge assessed per ton for disposing of waste at a landfill, transfer station, or processing facility. The term "tipping" refers to the act of tipping or dumping a load of waste. Tipping fees vary widely by location and waste type, ranging from $30 to over $150 per ton in the United States.
What does net ton vs gross ton mean for ships?
Gross tonnage (GT) measures a ship's total internal volume, while net tonnage (NT) measures only the cargo-carrying spaces. These are volumetric measurements (not weight), where each "ton" equals 100 cubic feet. These measurements are used for regulatory purposes, port fees, and canal tolls rather than for calculating cargo weight.
Why do some industries use different tonnage units?
Historical conventions and regional preferences drive tonnage unit choices. The US uses short tons domestically while international shipping uses metric tons. The UK historically used long tons (imperial tons). Some commodity markets still reference historical units. Always clarify which tonnage unit applies when reviewing contracts, quotes, or specifications.